A social group is made up of two or more persons who interact on a regular basis based on shared expectations and who share a similar identity. We all belong to a variety of social groups, as illustrated by this definition: our families, our multiple friendship groups, our sociology classes and other courses, the clubs and organisations to which we belong, and so on. We must have a role and status to accomplish as soon as we become a part of that group. A role is the part our society expects us to play in a certain status, whereas status is our relative social position within a group. People frequently have numerous overlapping statuses and roles, though. Membership in a social group provides us with a set of role labels that help individuals understand what to expect from one another, but these labels are not always straight jackets for behavior.
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The distinction between primary and secondary groups is widely adopted. A primary group is generally small, does have a lot of interaction and deep emotional bonds, and seems to last for a prolonged term. Members of such groups are deeply concerned about one another and firmly identify with the group. Indeed, they derive much of their social identity from their participation in a primary group.
The family is the first group that springs to mind, but small peer friendship groups, whether they are our high school pals, an urban street gang, or frequent gatherings of middle-aged individuals, are as important.
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Our primary groups will, in general, offer us with emotional warmth and comfort in both good and difficult times, as well as an identity and a strong sense of loyalty and belonging. As a result, our core group memberships are critical for our happiness and mental health. Although primary groups are the most significant in our lives, we also belong to a vast number of secondary groups, which are bigger and more impersonal groupings that exist for a limited period to accomplish a certain goal. Secondary group members are less emotionally linked to one another than primary group members, and they do not identify with or feel loyal to their group as much.
The sociology class in which I are currently enrolled, as well as clubs or organisations on campus which I have joined, are examples of secondary groups. Religious, economic, governmental, and civic organisations are examples of secondary groupings. Members of some of these groups get to know each other better than members of other secondary groups, although emotional attachments and interaction intensity are often less than in primary groups.
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When interaction is accompanied by interdependence—the degree to which group members are mutually reliant on one another to achieve a goal—it becomes even more significant. Interdependence refers to the requirement to collaborate in order to complete a task successfully in various situations, notably in working groups. Individuals who play baseball rely on one another to be able to play the game and do it successfully. In order for the group to work, each individual must perform his or her part. When we collaborate to write a group asssignment, we are also interdependent. When members of a group are interdependent, they report like each other more, are more likely to collaborate and communicate with one another, and are more likely to cooperate to one another.
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Different jobs are typically associated with varying amounts of prestige or perceived authority, as well as hierarchies. In general, groups are more productive when each member's position is clearly defined and suited for that person's talents and goals. Also, if members have several functions, such as athlete and coach, it is critical that these positions are complementary rather than antagonistic. As a result, high-performing organisations are able to avoid putting their members under role stress. This occurs when people are confronted with conflicting demands and expectations inside or between the jobs they hold, which can have a detrimental influence on their capacity to succeed in those roles.
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