Experiences with a) Role Conflict and B) Role taking
A) Role Conflict: This occurs when the workers are given distinguished and incompatible roles at the same time, their tasks are overlapping with any other employee, the worker is ordered to perform a task which goes against their personal values, people find themselves to be dragged in various situations as they try to react to the various statuses they hold. The greater is the conflict, higher will be the probability that a worker will be experiencing work-related stress. These conflicts arise because of the human tendency to get success and putting pressure on the employees by imposing demands which are competing against each other.
The concept of group dynamics in the subject of psychology identifies role conflict where the members in a group believe that they are accountable for multiple roles within this setting. These roles may have different status and at the same time, individuals may disagree about their responsibilities for a specific role, whether it be professional or personal realms. It may also arise when a person has problem fulfilling the expectations of a particular role as their duties may be unclear, difficult or unpleasant. The ways to manage role conflict are summarized through the following points:
A) To have clear reporting relationships so that the employees get to know who are they accountable to. Make sure that an employee is not reporting its activities to more than one person to avoid future conflicts.
B) Avoid placing inconsistent demand upon employees and make sure that the various needs are compatible.
C) Ensure that the workers raise their voice regarding any trouble in the roles and responsibilities allocated to them or setback caused in the organization.
At the organizational level, the managers must emphasize on work environment, working conditions and job design. Accomplishing several work situations can be complex at the same time like starting a new job or organization, transfer, appointing a new manager or leader and a change in the structure of the work unit.
(Source: https://www.thehumancapitalhub.com/articles/Role-Overload-And-What-You-Need-To-Know-About-It-)
Role-Taking: It is a socio-psychological concept which involves understanding the cognitive aspects (linked to emotions, thoughts, feelings, moods and attitudes) from the standpoint of others and mentally decenter from one’s own perspective. It differs from perceptual perspective taking which refers to the ability to identify another person’s visual point of view of the environment. It can be defined as the process of the interlocking nature of the individual and society. It was specifically constructed for a non-dualistic approach to a continuous social view of the person attached with the society.
To attain their goals, one is compelled to operate in ways that result in socially shared ordered conduct. It differs from the fact that it stresses on purposeful, conscious activity and puts the person in control rather than being fully pushed upon by unknown forces outside of consciousness. Even if unknown factors are at work, there is little room for a significant level of self-determination. The value of role-playing stems from the fact that youngsters learn how to communicate with others, understand how their perspectives differs from that of the other in cooperative tasks as they start engaging with new people. They build their notions of what is fair and just as they talk about their concerns and sort out other differences. It is considered to be a complicated social perception process. To accomplish this objective, one must transcend egocentrism and rely naturally on a theory of mind, a comprehension of the mechanisms of role perception and role playing, and allay this with a comprehensive awareness of social interaction. Role modelling would be a pointless exercise without this skill, significantly limiting the possibilities of social learning. Selman (1980) stressed the link between the formation of interpersonal understanding and the development of role-taking capacity. Children's abilities to grasp psychological processes (their own and others') grow as their role playing improves, resulting in improvement in empathy, communication, and problem-solving skills.
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